In the early middle ages (roughly AD 500-1000), European civilization was in serious decline. The climate had gotten colder and wetter, resulting in a shorter growing season and declining population. People moved out of the cities into the countryside to survive, and...
One of the unique aspects of Irish Christianity was the practice of peregrinatio, or pilgrimage. To understand this, it is helpful to look at Irish concepts of martyrdom The Different Martyrdoms The Irish church distinguished three types of martyrdom. Red martyrdom is...
On a theological level, the most important contribution of the Irish church was its penitential practice. But on a cultural level, a holdover from Celtic paganism led them to make a far more wide ranging contribution to western history. Irish Paganism We don’t know...
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